The Cardiovascular Disease and Pregnancy Program at Yale offers comprehensive and individualized support before, during, and after pregnancy for people with heart conditions. Our mission is to improve outcomes in pregnancy for patients with either pre-existing or newly diagnosed heart disease and ensure that pregnant patients receive appropriate and specialized risk assessment, treatment, and support. Cardiovascular disease is the number one cause of maternal mortality in the United States. While most people with pre-existing cardiovascular conditions can safely and successfully become pregnant, carry a baby to term, and breastfeed, patients with cardiovascular conditions are at higher risk of complications during pregnancy and after delivery. Pregnancy can also reveal or cause previously undiagnosed heart problems, and certain pregnancy complications can put patients at a higher risk for future cardiovascular disease. Yale’s Cardiovascular Disease and Pregnancy Program brings together cardiologists, maternal-fetal medicine specialists , nutritionists, pharmacists, lactation consultants , social workers, and family planning specialists who utilize their unique expertise to provide comprehensive patient care. Our multidisciplinary team meets regularly to create individualized care plans for each pregnant patient with heart disease. We provide care to: People with known heart disease, including congenital heart disease and acquired heart diseases, such as abnormal heart rhythms (arrhythmias), heart failure, and ischemic heart disease (coronary artery disease) People who develop cardiovascular disease or are newly diagnosed with heart disease during pregnancy (for example, peripartum cardiomyopathy) People who develop pregnancy-specific complications (including preeclampsia and related hypertensive disorders or gestational diabetes) that put them at higher risk for future cardiovascular disease Before pregnancy Contraception counseling: We provide individualized contraception counseling to patients with cardiovascular conditions to help determine the best and most reliable form of contraception for them based on a variety of factors, including specific heart conditions, interaction with other medications, and personal preferences. Comprehensive risk assessment: We provide a comprehensive risk assessment for patients with heart conditions who wish to become pregnant. We coordinate care to ensure they receive updated imaging and diagnostic studies and are on pregnancy-safe medications before they conceive. We also work closely with patients to provide nutrition and exercise guidance. Preconception counseling: We provide consultations to explore and discuss a potential pregnancy and family building. During this visit, we will answer all patient questions and develop care recommendations to support patients prior to, during, and after pregnancy. We also introduce members of the care team. During pregnancy Prenatal care management: We work wi

Treating complicated pregnancies is our priority. We provide care for the entire spectrum of conditions related to high-risk pregnancy, and for women whose pregnancies require special testing, monitoring, treatment, and care . We offer state-of-the-art approaches to caring for women with high-risk pregnancies related to diabetes, hypertension, heart disease, and genetic disorders, among other medical conditions that can complicate a pregnancy. Maternal-Fetal Medicine (MFM) at Yale pioneered the development of chorionic villus sampling (CVS) and fetal blood sampling (FBS), and has the most experienced team for these procedures in New England. In addition, our skilled specialists, who are internally recognized for their expertise, conduct fetal echocardiography to diagnose congenital heart disorders of the fetus. We offer a variety of services for our patients across the following specialty programs: High-Risk Pregnancy Program, which supports ongoing care and management for women with a history of pregnancy risks or current medical complications. Prenatal Genetic Diagnostic Program, which provides expert genetic screening and testing for MFM patients. Available tests include first-trimester screening, CVS, amniocentesis, and FBS. After diagnosis, we provide counseling and connect patients when necessary to appropriate support networks to help parents adjust to and prepare for their child's special needs. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Program, offered in conjunction with Yale’s Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Section. Our multidisciplinary team of pathologists, geneticists, and perinatologists uses a whole-patient approach to help couples with recurrent miscarriages and/or pregnancy losses. Other services offered in our MFM section include: First-trimester risk assessment for Down Syndrome Targeted ultrasound Fetal therapy, including percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS) and intrauterine transfusion Antenatal testing Diabetes management MFM physicians can also co-manage patients with high-risk pregnancies with referring practitioners. We can develop care plans with community obstetricians for cases that require intensive oversight by the team, or consultative guidance alone.

We provide ongoing care and management for women with a history of pregnancy risks, or current medical complications. Our providers follow patients closely from the point of referral to delivery and beyond. Patients receive individualized attention, and continuity of care is guaranteed throughout the pregnancy. We are often able to co-manage problems with our patients’ primary obstetrician. However, our High-Risk Pregnancy Program provides the full spectrum of prenatal, delivery, and postpartum care for women with high-risk pregnancies. We offer the following specialty programs: Diabetes in Pregnancy Program. This provides comprehensive services for women with diabetes before, during, and after pregnancy. Our expert team of physicians, diabetic educators, and advanced practice nurses helps initiate and manage oral hypoglycemic and insulin therapies to ensure optimal glycemic control in pregnant patients with diabetes. Our team approach has resulted in significant decreases in our patients' A1C levels, rates of fetal macrosomia (high birth weight), and incidence of pregnancy complications. Hemostasis and Thrombosis Services. Our specialists provide pregnancy management for women who suffer from thrombosis, including regular consultations and treatment with blood thinners. In addition, we provide screening and primary care, as well as treatment for other blood conditions such as hemophilia. Recurrent Pregnancy Loss Program. This is offered in conjunction with Yale’s Reproductive Endocrinology and Infertility Section. Our multidisciplinary team of pathologists, geneticists, and perinatologists uses a whole-patient approach to help couples with recurrent miscarriages and/or pregnancy losses. Women & Children’s Blood Disorders Program. This program strives to improve the quality of women and children's health by addressing disorders of blood coagulation and thrombosis during the reproductive, menopausal, fetal, neonatal, and geriatric periods of life. The program also provides patient care and management for pregnant women with preeclampsia (high blood pressure, swelling, protein in the urine).