Departments

About Us At Yale Medicine, our cardiac surgery team consists of internationally recognized heart surgeons who provide personalized, compassionate care for adult and pediatric patients. We understand the challenges of living with a heart condition and are committed to partnering with patients and their families to find the best treatment plan and offer ongoing support after surgery. Our team includes highly experienced, board-certified cardiac surgeons along with an expert group of cardiologists, cardiac-focused nurses, physician assistants, and nurse practitioners. Our cardiac surgeons collaborate with Yale's cardiologists, vascular surgeons, and internists to manage heart-related issues such as heart failure, coronary artery disease, heart valve conditions, and heart rhythm disorders. Our surgeons perform the latest, most advanced techniques in minimally invasive and traditional surgeries to treat a full range of cardiac diseases and conditions, including: Coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) Valve repair and replacement (aortic and mitral) Aneurysm repair (aortic, thoracic aortic, left ventricular) Arrhythmia (abnormal heart rhythm), including hybrid ablation heart failure and artificial heart or ventricular assist devices Heart failure, including artificial heart or ventricular assist devices Heart transplantation Congenital heart diseases in children and adults

Pulmonary hypertension is high blood pressure in the arteries of the lungs, which makes the heart work harder and can lead to heart failure. If it is diagnosed properly and quickly, we have effective therapies that can slow the progression of the disease and possibly reverse some of the damage to the lungs and heart. Our doctors have extensive experience dealing with pulmonary hypertension, and we treat adults and children over the age of 12. We are fully committed to defeating pulmonary hypertension and caring for the disease regardless of its cause, which may include pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), pulmonary venous hypertension, or chronic thromboembolic pulmonary hypertension, among other causes. We are a national Pulmonary Hypertension Association-accredited Center of Comprehensive Care and Center of Excellence. As the only accredited pulmonary hypertension program in the state, we offer patient- and family-centered care to patients from throughout the Northeast. Our doctors, nurses, coordinators, and researchers are specifically trained and experienced at managing and treating patients with pulmonary hypertension. Patients will have access to other highly skilled specialists, including pulmonologists, cardiologists, rheumatologists, and gastroenterologists. We work closely with members of the Adult Congenital Heart Disease Program, General and Advanced Heart Failure Program, Hereditary Hemorrhagic Telangiectasia Program, and the Liver Transplant Program. We also work in concert with specialists in connective tissue disease such as scleroderma (we are a Scleroderma Center as designated by the Scleroderma Foundation), lupus, Sjogren’s disease, myositis, and dermatomyositis—pulmonary hypertension can be a serious complication of these conditions. Outpatient specialized clinic Designated floors in the hospital for pulmonary hypertension patients State-of-the-art heart catheterization laboratory Highly trained and qualified cardiologists who read echocardiograms focusing on the right side of the heart, which is a key clinical factor in patients with pulmonary hypertension Physicians, nurses, pharmacists, and quality-tested systems in place that provide effective complex therapies to patients in a safe environment.

We designed our echocardiogram laboratory with families in mind. An echocardiogram is a test that uses sound waves to measure heart activity, and is used to diagnose various heart conditions such as arrhythmia, structural problems of the heart, and congenital heart disease. We realize medical tests, even routine ones, might make children anxious. Each of our state-of-the-art imaging suites is equipped with a television and DVD player to make children more comfortable during their evaluation. Our highly experienced staff performs more than 3,500 echocardiograms per year, including transthoracic, transesophageal, three-dimensional, and intracardiac approaches. We also offer noninvasive assessments of cardiac anatomy and physiology. The results from our studies play a vital role in planning for surgery, assessment before and during surgery, as well as in the Interventional Cardiac Catheterization Program. The Yale Fetal Cardiovascular Center was one of the first centers of its kind. Each year, we perform more than 1,000 fetal echocardiograms in women whose pregnancy may be affected by congenital heart disease or arrhythmia. The center provides a multidisciplinary approach to comprehensive care with physicians from maternal-fetal medicine, pediatric cardiology, and perinatal medicine, as well as genetic counselors.

The Yale Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Program provides dedicated evaluation and treatment of patients with Thoracic Outlet Syndrome (TOS), a condition in which the subclavian vein, artery, or brachial plexus is compressed as it travels from the chest to the arm between the collarbone and the first rib. TOS may cause swelling, discoloration, numbness, or tingling of the patient's arm, limiting activities of daily living and quality of life. Patients with TOS may be young, athletic, or use excessive overhead shoulder movements for their profession or recreation. The Yale Thoracic Outlet Syndrome Program offers a multidisciplinary approach to patients with this debilitating condition. Our team includes vascular and thoracic surgeons, diagnostic and interventional radiologists, physical therapists, advanced practice providers, and nurses who work together to provide early diagnosis and comprehensive management at an individual level. TOS is divided into three types, based on the predominant structures affected. Neurogenic TOS is the most common type, affecting the brachial plexus nerves. Patients may experience neck, shoulder, or arm discomfort or headaches. Patients often report that symptoms began after experiencing a traumatic injury. Experts believe this occurs most commonly due to the shortening and thickening of the anterior scalene muscle, which connects the spine to the first rib. Venous TOS is the next most common type, with complete or high-grade blockage of the subclavian-axillary vein (located between the first rib and the collarbone). Patients often report previous repetitive overhead shoulder movements, such as pitching or swimming. Patients may present with swelling of the whole arm, discoloration, and pain. Arterial TOS is the least common type, although it is the most dangerous. Chronic compression of the subclavian artery may lead to a blockage or the creation of an aneurysm—a weakening and ballooning of the artery. Patients may present with a cold, painful arm and difficulty moving or feeling their fingers. We recognize that TOS is a complex condition and that treatment is highly specific to each patient. On a patient’s first visit, we perform a detailed history and physical exam. If TOS is suspected, a variety of specialized diagnostic tests may be performed to support the diagnosis. For patients presenting with neurogenic TOS, physical therapy may be the first-line therapy. This may treat the scalene muscles, muscles surrounding the spine, and the muscles that support the thoracic outlet and shoulder. Botox® therapy of the anterior scalene muscle is another treatment option for patients with persistent symptoms. While conservative treatment is often successful in alleviating symptoms of neurogenic TOS, surgical decompression may be recommended if patients do not find long-term relief. For patients presenting with venous or arterial TOS, our vascular surgeons will first perform revascularization to relieve symptoms

Our program is a unique collaboration between Yale and University College London Heart Hospital that offers patients the highest level of care and international expertise. We provide evaluation of patients and families with inherited cardiomyopathies, arrhythmias, vascular diseases, and coronary and metabolic syndromes. The complexity of inherited cardiovascular disease often outweighs the resources of traditional medical specialty practices. Using detailed clinical evaluation to inform genetics and vice versa, we offer a patient-centered approach that employs a care and treatment plan that matches the intricacies of each patient’s disease and his or her needs. We see a wide array of patients from across Connecticut and beyond. Our expertise includes treating such conditions as: Hypertrophic cardiomyopathy Familial dilated cardiomyopathy Sudden death syndromes Arrhythmogenic right ventricular cardiomyopathy Our services include state-of-the art cardiac imaging, metabolic stress testing, genetic testing and counseling, and a full spectrum of treatment options, including: Septal myectomy and ablation Analysis of genetic mutations Complex electrophysiologic ablations Assessment of risk factors for sudden cardiac death Pacemaker and implantable cardioverter defibrillator (ICD) implantation

At Yale Medicine, our cardiovascular physicians specialize in all types of heart conditions. Our expert teams focus on heart-related health issues, such as heart disease genetics, heart rhythm problems, heart failure, heart and blood vessel conditions, and heart transplants. Our cardiologists do more than just see patients; they also conduct research to learn more about the complexities of various heart diseases and investigate better ways to treat them. Through their work in five research centers at Yale our cardiologists participate in major research initiatives focused on all aspects of heart health. Our research teams are comprised of experts from all over the world—eight different countries and four continents, to be exact! Specialized care is offered in the following areas: Adult congenital heart disease Arrhythmia Cardiac imaging Cardiomyopathy and congestive heart failure Coronary heart disease General cardiology (including stress tests and holter monitoring) Peripheral vascular heart disease Vascular heart disease

The Advanced Heart failure Program is a rapidly expanding service at the front lines of treating heart failure. Launched in 1988, the program builds upon decades of experience treating failing hearts. In 2019, we performed 49 heart transplants, putting us among the top centers of the country. Our left ventricular assist device program treats more cases than any other program in the Northeast. It provides heart pumps for patients who need support while they are waiting for a donor heart or who are ineligible for a transplant and need another permanent solution. Heart transplants are the gold standard treatment for patients with end-stage heart failure. But many face a long, difficult wait for a donor heart, and some don’t survive. Yale Medicine is one of a handful of centers in the country to push existing boundaries in heart transplant by aggressively seeking out donor hearts other centers turn down even though they may be suitable for some patients. This process, using what’s called “donation after circulatory death” (DCD) organs, is helping more of our patients get heart transplants sooner. What’s more, our one-year survival rates for heart transplants—93%—are better than the national average. Multi-organ transplants People who live with heart failure have a high likelihood of also having kidney dysfunction from a variety of causes, and this can be a limiting factor in being able to get a heart transplant. For these patients, our heart specialists collaborate with Yale Medicine’s world-class abdominal transplant team and have achieved a robust volume and successful track record in performing heart-kidney transplants. Pioneers in LVAD Yale Medicine helped to pioneer the use of left ventricular assist devices (LVADs), providing patients whose hearts are too weak to function on their own with implantable devices that can pump blood for them. Yale Medicine is one of the leaders in the Northeast in volume and outcomes with LVADs and is certified by the Joint Commission, the nation’s predominant standard-setting and accrediting body in health care. Each one of our patients is treated by a team that includes cardiologists, transplant surgeons, infectious disease specialists, nephrologists, critical care doctors, nurses, pharmacists, social workers, nutritionists, and transplant coordinators, among others. Transplant doctors at Yale are national leaders in the field. Currently, the presidents of United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) and the American Society of Transplantation are at Yale, and they have helped to write the guidelines for how to treat patients after solid organ transplants as the field advances. Outcomes above average Patients whose future once seemed difficult have survived for decades after a heart transplant or LVAD implant. The average one-year survival after a Yale Medicine heart transplant is 93%, which is higher than the national average. This is partly due to meticulous follow-up care that includes treatment with immunosu

As our pediatric congenital heart disease patients move from childhood into adulthood, our program is there every step of the way to make sure they receive continuous, comprehensive care for even the most complex heart disease. Our multidisciplinary integrated program was the first in the state dedicated to the care of adult patients with complex congenital heart disease, and encompasses the full spectrum of care, including imaging, exercise testing, and surgical as well as less-invasive catheterization therapies. Our patients can expect to receive detailed information about their underlying congenital heart defect, its management, and the implications on their future heart function. Patients in the program are assured of the careful transition of care from their childhood diagnosis into adulthood, and appropriate wrap-around care for adults who are new to the program. Commonly encountered problems related to adult congenital heart disease (ACHD) include the following: Unrepaired congenital defects Complications associated with early surgical repair Heart failure Heart rhythm problems, including pacemakers and defibrillators Pregnancy issues Our expert, board-certified cardiac physicians and surgeons treat these, among other heart conditions: Atrial septal defect (ASD) Ventricular septal defect (VSD) Atrioventricular canal defect Bicuspid aortic valve Pulmonary stenosis Coarctation of the aorta Ebstein's anomaly Transposition of the great arteries, including those who have had a Mustard or Senning operation or arterial switch operation Congenitally corrected transposition of the great arteries Tetralogy of Fallot Complex single ventricle patients, including those who had a Fontan operation Cyanotic heart disease Patients who had a Ross operation as a child Congenital coronary anomalies, including ALCAPA (anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery) Instead of delaying treatment for complex congenital heart disease, our state-of-the-art imaging, including echocardiograms (ultrasound) and MRI, allows for early diagnosis, before symptoms may interfere with a patient’s life. Our program also works closely with Yale's maternal-fetal medicine team to care for women with congenital heart disease before and after they give birth. Yale’s world-class congenital cardiac catheterization lab provides access to the latest advances in transcatheter valve placement, treatment of atrial septal defects, and all forms of congenital heart disease. We provide comprehensive electrophysiology services, including management of arrhythmias and placement of pacemakers and defibrillators.

At Yale Medicine, our team of highly trained vascular surgeons are here to help with a variety of circulation issues. This includes anything from blocked blood vessels and stubborn wounds to conditions that could lead to losing a limb. Our goal is to give complete care that's as easy on you as possible, which is why we focus on techniques that don't require major surgery, like treatments done inside the blood vessels themselves. Our doctors give personalized and complete care to adults with vascular problems. We rely on the newest and most advanced equipment and methods to diagnose and treat these conditions. Specialized care is offered in the following areas: Abdominal and thoracic aortic aneurysm: Bulges in the main artery that can occur in the belly or chest area. Aortoiliac occlusive disease: Blocked arteries that supply blood to the abdomen, pelvis, and legs. Carotid artery stenosis: Narrowed arteries in the neck that can reduce blood flow to the brain. Claudication: Treatments to help relieve cramping in the legs while walking or exercising Diabetic ulcers: Sores that are slow to heal in people with diabetes. Dialysis access: For patients who need dialysis (a treatment for kidney failure), we create an entry point into the bloodstream that the dialysis machine can use. Foot ulcers: Sores on the feet that can develop due to poor circulation or other health issue. Lower extremity artery conditions Lower extremity vein conditions Renal vascular disease: Conditions that affect blood flow to the kidneys. Thoracic aortic aneurysm and aortic dissection: Bulges and tears in the part of the main artery that runs through the chest. Thoracic outlet syndrome: Discomfort or circulation problems caused when blood vessels or nerves just below the neck are compressed. Varicose veins: Treatments to remove or reduce enlarged veins that appear most often on the legs. Visceral artery disease: Blood vessels that supply the internal organs, ensuring they're not narrowed or blocked.

The Fetal Care Center brings together a team of leading experts in maternal-fetal medicine , neonatology , genetics , pediatric surgery , and an array of other top-ranked pediatric specialties. This network of excellence from throughout our health system comes together to provide an elite level of care. Together, a comprehensive care plan is devised for pregnant patients and their developing babies who require specialized medical and surgical care while in the womb or expected interventions after birth. Our expert physicians and surgeons have ensured successful births for thousands of babies who needed specialized care. As leaders in complex in-utero surgery, we are proud to be the first in Connecticut and the region to perform in utero myelomeningocele repair. Myelomeningocele is a condition in which the baby’s backbone and spinal canal do not close before birth. The condition, a type of spina bifida , is a congenital defect of the spine and spinal cord. The surgery is performed before the baby is born (prior to 26 weeks gestation) as this provides the best outcomes. Provided world-class fetal therapy services at Yale New Haven Health for more than 40 years Pioneered the nation’s first Neonatal Intensive Care Unit at Yale New Haven Health Yale New Haven Health is one of only a few hospitals in the country to offer couplet care, where mothers and their babies are cared for together in the same room Many procedures available to women with high-risk pregnancies were first developed at Yale School of Medicine’s Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Reproductive Sciences , including noninvasive fetal anemia assessment, percutaneous umbilical blood sampling (PUBS), in utero fetal blood transfusion, and therapies such as fetoscopy and fetal surgery Physicians are leading researchers in the field of fetal medicine A fetal therapy coordinator is available to help patients through the process. The coordinator is there throughout the patient’s care journey, from pregnancy through delivery, and often beyond. They guide patients through testing, meeting with specialists, scheduling appointments, and coordinating the elements of the care plan based on the patient’s needs. For more information or to request an appointment, please call 855-433-8252 , or submit a Fetal Care Center Information Request . Someone is available to answer your call from Monday through Friday, 8am – 4:30pm. Read our list of frequently asked questions about the Fetal Care Center . Here are some of the common conditions we treat at the Fetal Care Center: Cleft lip/palate Congenital heart defects Fetal anemias Gastroschisis Hydrocephalus Intra-abdominal masses Spina Bifida Twin-to-twin transfusion syndrome View the full list of conditions . Advanced Prenatal Genetic Testing and Counseling Genetic counseling and prenatal testing are among the most valuable tools to help prospective parents make important decisions regarding a current or future pregnancy. Many things

Our highly skilled cardiologists expertly treat and diagnose heart failure—a chronic, progressive condition in which the heart muscle can’t pump enough blood to meet the body's needs. In addition to caring for cardiac patients at Yale New Haven Hospital, we provide treatment to the rapidly growing number of outpatients living with heart failure in the community. We treat each patient with a personalized plan, carefully monitoring medications on an ongoing basis while minding other issues that affect cardiac health. We also educate patients and their families about lifestyle changes, prescribe and oversee exercise rehabilitation programs, and facilitate communication between the many professionals involved in outpatient care. Our physicians work as part of a multidisciplinary team to offer patients comprehensive care with the goal of prolonging their life and improving its quality. Treatment options may include medications, short- or long-term mechanical support, or heart transplant. Before treatment begins, we perform cardiac diagnostic procedures, such as stress tests, catheterization, and biopsies. We collaborate with cardiac-trained radiologists to provide noninvasive imaging studies including positron emission tomography (PET), computed tomography (CT), magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and 2D and 3D electrocardiography. At the Center for Advanced Heart Failure at Yale New Haven Hospital, we treat the full continuum of heart failure and offer a variety of medical and surgical treatment options. The center cares for patients with an LVAD (left ventricular assist device), a battery-operated mechanical pump that is surgically implanted and helps maintain the heart’s pumping ability when it can’t work effectively on its own. This is the only long-term mechanical circulatory support for patients otherwise ineligible for heart transplant. Our surgeons regularly perform heart transplants and LVAD implantations, and our heart transplant survival and post-LVAD rates are among the best in the region.

The Preventive Cardiovascular Health Program at Yale (PCHPY) brings a personalized approach to cardiovascular disease prevention. Patients referred to the program meet with one of our cardiologists for an in-depth consultation that takes into account their biology and biography, along with information from advanced diagnostic testing. This approach leads to a more personalized, evidence-based approach to cardiovascular risk assessment. Using this information, and in partnership with patients, we design tailored programs to reduce cardiovascular risk and improve well-being. PCHPY brings together experts in cardiovascular disease prevention, including cardiologists, nutritionists, exercise physiologists and health psychologists. We also work together with Digital Technology Solutions (Information Technology) and digital health companies to offer high-tech/low-burden approaches to cardiovascular care. Our team is highly attuned to the challenges of maintaining a healthy lifestyle and taking medication, and understands that a one-size-fits all approach often falls short. Instead, we strive to understand and integrate each person’ priorities, preferences and goals into the care plan. This program is particularly focused on people who are: At increased risk for cardiovascular disease, including people with: Severe hypercholesterolemia or familial hypercholesterolemia or elevated Lp(a) Family history of premature coronary artery disease (before the age of 60) Poorly controlled hypertension Underlying inflammatory condition (e.g., rheumatoid arthritis, HIV) A diagnosis of ischemic heart disease or coronary artery disease Women with cardiovascular disease Individuals seeking a more personalized approach to cardiovascular health PCHPY additionally works with communities to identify and address barriers to cardiovascular health, focusing on environmental and social factors that contribute to disparities in health outcomes.