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Test Article Rich Text

March 16, 2023

TEST RICH TEXT

Some really crazy nested bullets

  • Bullet
  • Another
  • Another bullet
  • Wow such bullets
    • Nested bullet
    • Again nested
      • Nested even more
      • Wow
      • Wee
    • Ok let’s get less crazy
    • Even less
      • We’re nesting again
      • Ok this is getting old
    • Let’s get back to the top
    • One more time
  • Ok
  • Now we’re back to the first level again
    • But we could start nesting again
    • Something like this
      • Or even this
    • Wouldn’t be entirely unexpected

Ordered list

  1. First level numeric
  2. Still numeric
    1. Nested numeric
      1. Nested numeric third level
      2. Another
      3. Yet another
    2. Back to second level
    3. One more nested ordered list bullet
  3. Back to the top
  4. Final
    1. Final a
    2. Final b

Test Last

Test bullets:

Between 30 July and 2 August 2010, a series of attacks:

On 23 November 2020, a Congolese:

  • court sentenced the former NDC leader, Ntabo Ntaberi Sheka
    • , to life imprisonment for war crimes, including m
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  • Fkskflskfer, rape, sexual enslavement and the recruitment of children for crimes committed between 2007 to 2017 in Walikale territory.2 The United Nations Organization Stabilization Mission in the Democratic Republic of the Congo (MONUSCO) provided protection to victims and witnesses, and technical, logistical and financial support to the Congolese judicial authorities during joint investigations and the trial.
  • In many ways, this case illustrates the importance of support to national justice and security institutions by United Nations peace operations. Such support is essential in the mitigation of potential drivers of conflict. It is particularly critical in settings where there is a lack of trust between the population and State representatives, or a desire by those affected to take justice into their own hands. Outcomes such as those in the case against the former NDC leader strengthen the credibility, legitimacy and accountability of State institutions, including security forces, and help preserve and protect human rights.
  • The absence of justice directly fuels conflict. A young man whose friends or relatives have been victimized may become a recruit for illegal armed groups. Lack of justice, be it actual or perceived, causes resentment and conflict at both the individual and societal levels
  • Fundamental reform of justice and security systems takes decades. Most importantly, the absence of a tradition of an independent or representative and inclusive judiciary can constitute a fundamental impediment to reform.
  • United Nations peace operations that provide support to national justice and security institutions are governed by United Nations Security Council resolutions. These mandates fall historically within three broad categories: executive support, capacity-building support and direct security support. The overall objective remains to strengthen national capacities; extend the authority of the State; and enhance the effectiveness and inclusiveness of justice and security
  • institutions as well as confidence in those institutions, with a view to preventing violence, fighting impunity and sustaining peace. This assistance is provided primarily from the perspective of reinforcing the criminal justice chain—comprising law enforcement, judicial and prison institutions—a central component for stabilization and security efforts in conflict and post-conflict settings.
  1. In a landmark report issued in 2011,3 the World Bank demonstrated
    1. the critical relationship between strong justice and security institutions, job creation and the mitigation of cycles of violence. This is certainly the case in conflict and post-conflict societies, where State-level leadership, a clear vision and comprehensive
    2. objectives are crucial for justice and security reform. In contrast, the absence of leadership or resistance to reform by key stakeholders are often significant obstacles to meaningful development or sustainable security.
    3. Fundamental reform of justice
    4. and security systems takes decades. Mo
    5. st importantly, the absence of a tradition of a
  2. In independent or representative a
  3. Given this long-term endeavour, peace operations can, however, have an immediate impact by focusing on specific initiatives, particularly in relation to accountability for crimes that act as drivers of conflict and instability. This is done in contexts where corruption and patronage often serve vested, key interests for those in power who may want to maintain the status quo. Furthermore, prison reform is rarely considered a major priority, as detained persons are among the most disenfranchised individuals in society.