Antiretroviral Therapy (ART)
Definition
Antiretroviral therapy (ART) is a medical treatment that involves the use of a combination of antiretroviral drugs to suppress the replication of the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) in the body. This therapy helps to slow down the progression of HIV, improve immune function, and reduce the risk of HIV transmission.
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Yale Internal Medicine Associates
Our program, focused on adult primary care, is known for its excellence and emphasis on prevention and wellness. We efficiently manage potential medical problems as they arise, and collaborate with specialists when needed. Our practice includes internal medicine physicians, advanced nurse practitioners, a clinical psychologist, a social worker, registered-nurse patient care coordinators, licensed practical nurses, medical assistants, clerical office staff, and a practice supervisor. Our goal is to provide patients with the highest quality, personalized healthcare in the Patient-Centered Medical Home (PCMH) model of care. The PCMH model of care focuses on five areas: Building strong, collaborative health care teams that work together to meet the needs of patients Providing patient-centered care addressing the whole person, respecting patients’ values and preferences Coordinating comprehensive health care through clear communication among patients, families, caregivers, medical and behavioral health providers, hospitals, and other facilities Improving patients’ access to care, through such initiatives as expanded office hours and providing email access to electronic medical records Improving health care quality and standards by providing evidence-based care, patient and family education, and self-management support We would like to hear your direct feedback regarding your experience as a patient/family member of our clinic. Please visit the YIMA Patient/Family Comment Box to provide your feedback. Sign up for MyChart , our secure online patient portal, that gives you access to all of your Yale health information whenever you need it, wherever you may be.Laboratory Medicine
At Laboratory Medicine, we study the molecular and cellular components of blood and other body fluids. This work is crucial to diagnosing and managing illness and understanding the mechanisms and origins of disease.Our physicians, known as clinical pathologists, provide consultations to other doctors regarding optimal laboratory diagnostic approaches and the interpretation of complex laboratory tests. Our team includes pathologists, scientists, phlebotomists, medical technicians, technologists, and others who perform important support functions for our state-of-the-art laboratory. We are available every day, 24 hours a day, for physicians. We perform approximately 10 million tests each year, and also provide specialized high-tech testing to other hospitals in the Yale New Haven Health System and institutions throughout New England, and as far away as Puerto Rico. We also operate multiple satellite facilities and patient service centers located throughout the state. We ensure that every test we offer—at every location—is accurate and reliable. When physicians request to have patients’ blood drawn, here is what happens: Collection: A doctor, nurse, technician, or phlebotomist will draw the patient’s blood. Several tubes may be needed for different types of tests. Depending on what illness the patient might have, his or her doctor may want to obtain a urine sample, throat swab, or other sample. After the sample is collected, the container is labeled with the patient’s name and other information. The sample is received and processed by the Laboratory, and testing begins: Chemistry Testing Blood and other bodily fluids are tested for chemicals, drugs, and substances that indicate disease. We check cholesterol and other tests for risk of heart disease, glucose to monitor diabetes, or thyroxin to monitor the thyroid gland. Hematology Testing We analyze the amount and function of blood cells and plasma. Examples include the Complete Blood Count (CBC) that tells the doctor how many cells of each type are in the patient’s blood, and the prothrombin time (PT) to measure the time it takes for the blood to clot. Microbiology Testing We test a variety of specimen samples for infections caused by bacteria, fungi, or parasites. We often do urine cultures for urinary tract infections. Virology Testing We test for viral infections. This includes rapid tests for respiratory viruses such as influenza, molecular tests for noroviruses, and antibody tests for HIV. Immunology/Molecular Diagnostics Some tests are used to determine whether the immune system is functioning properly. State-of-the-art analysis of DNA and RNA is used to test for a variety of diseases and for the risk of developing certain diseases. Other specialized tests include the ANA, used to screen for autoimmune disease, and Factor V Leiden genotyping for patients with blood clots. Tumor Profiling Laboratory This lab analyzes tumor DNA to predict the sensitivity or resistance of tumors to aViral Hepatitis Program
Our multidisciplinary group of physicians and health providers are committed to providing state-of-the-art therapy to our patients with hepatitis B and hepatitis C infections. We have a 50-year tradition of excellence in liver research and patient care, and continue to be international leaders on the study and treatment of liver disorders. As a partner of the Yale School of Medicine Liver Center, one of only four liver research centers in the country sponsored by the National Institutes of Health, ours is the premier program in Connecticut offering comprehensive patient care for individuals with viral hepatitis. The key to effective disease management of acute and chronic viral hepatitis is our coordinated care among specially trained physicians, as well as a specialized nurse who provides teaching and psychological support. We enjoy close relationships with specialists in adult and pediatric gastroenterology, transplant hepatology, medical and transplant nephrology, transplant surgery, gastrointestinal pathology, diagnostic and interventional radiology, gastrointestinal surgery, rheumatology, OB/GYN, medical and surgical oncology, infectious diseases, the AIDS Care Program, psychiatry, and addiction medicine. The Gastrointestinal Pathology program at Yale is the only subspecialty program of its kind in Connecticut, and provides expert consultative services for the most challenging liver pathology examinations in the region. We partner with Yale New Haven Hospital’s Nathan Smith Clinic in the management of patients with HBV/HIV and HCV/HIV co-infections, and with the Yale Liver Transplant Program in the pre- and post-transplant evaluation and management of patients with liver cirrhosis and end-stage liver disease. We have four areas aimed at improving treatment and outcomes for viral hepatitis: Education: Providing formal education classes and individualized instruction sessions for patients with chronic hepatitis C infection prior to the initiation of antiviral therapy Treatment: Maintaining high standards of practice in treatment protocols and close coordination of care with referring physicians to provide the most advanced and scientifically based approaches to the management of viral hepatitis Research: Ensuring the opportunity for patient access to novel approaches in the treatment of viral hepatitis and liver disorders through clinical trials Community outreach: Building relationships with the surrounding communities of Greater New Haven and Connecticut to raise awareness about viral hepatitis, and to promote screening and education Special services offered by the Yale Viral Hepatitis Program include: Weekly multidisciplinary patient care conferences and liver pathology conferences to draw upon the varied expertise of our Yale Medicine physicians Coordination with the liver and kidney transplant programs Comprehensive services for diagnostic and interventional GI endoscopy, percutaneous and trans-jugular liver biopsy, paracentesis and trans